PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.